筛胸梳爪叩甲是我国南方地区重要的笋期害虫。研究了林间挖笋除虫、黑光灯诱杀及药剂防治3种方法对筛胸梳爪叩甲的控制效果。结果表明:3种技术措施均能显著降低该虫的危害率和虫口密度,其中药剂防治效果最明显。3 a持续挖笋除虫的防治效果达(22.76±3.90)%;每年单盏黑光灯年平均诱捕量可达(1 143.8±318.7)头,连续6 a的灯光诱杀可将竹笋危害率由防治前的(56.05±2.83)%降至防治后的(39.21±2.83)%;连续施用5%辛硫磷+3%毒死蜱颗粒剂3 a年可将竹笋危害率由防治前的(69.62±5.36)%降至(21.17±7.65)%,防治效果达(70.11±10.99)%。

Casmara patrona is one of the main borer pests damaging Camellia oleifera in China. Few reports about this insect were published. The life history, biological characteristics and natural enemies of C. patrona were investigated through field survey and laboratory observation in this study. The results showed that C. patrona had one generation in one year or two years, and overwintered as 3rd-5th instar larva in Zhejiang Province. About 88 percent of larvae began to pupate in early May, and the rest kept feeding till the next year. The adults could be observed from early June to early July, and the peak of emergence occurred in late June. The adults began to oviposit in late June and terminated in early July. The eggs started hatching in early July, and then the larvae bored into the branch to feed. The entrance holes of the larvae distributed predominately in the middle of the eastern and southern part of C. oleifera tree. The larva had five instars, and there were 10-50 days when the larva did not feed between consecutive instars.

目的 测定8种杀菌剂对9种炭疽菌（26个菌株）的室内毒力，筛选出防治薄壳山核桃炭疽病的高效药剂。 方法 采用菌丝生长速率法测定8种杀菌剂对26株炭疽菌菌丝生长的抑制作用，构建毒力回归方程，并计算EC₅₀值。 结果 供试8种杀菌剂中，咪鲜胺和咯菌腈对所分离的9种炭疽菌（26个菌株）菌丝生长的抑制作用最强，平均EC₅₀值分别为0.14、0.15 mg·L⁻¹。戊唑醇对C. fioriniae、C. liaoningense、C. tamarilloi和C. americae-borealis菌丝生长的抑制作用较强（平均EC₅₀ = 0.49 mg·L⁻¹），但对另5种炭疽菌效果不明显（平均EC₅₀ = 23.60 mg·L⁻¹）。恶醚唑对C. nymphaeae、C. siamense、C. alienum、C. fioriniae和 C. coelogynes菌丝生长的抑制作用较强（平均EC₅₀ = 0.81 mg·L⁻¹），但对另4种炭疽菌抑制效果一般（平均EC₅₀ = 2.00 mg·L⁻¹）。代森锰锌对9种病原菌菌丝生长的抑制性最差，平均EC₅₀值为42.70 mg·L⁻¹。 结论 咪鲜胺、咯菌腈对薄壳山核桃炭疽菌具有较高的毒力，在薄壳山核桃炭疽病林间防治中具有较大的应用潜力。为避免产生抗药性，建议轮换使用咪鲜胺、咯菌腈、恶醚唑和甲基硫菌灵等杀菌剂。

目的 探析南方竹区重要地下害虫筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫定位寄主的行为及化学机制，为竹林金针虫的高效监测及防控提供科学依据。 方法 利用双向选择仪测定筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对竹笋和CO₂释放剂颗粒的行为反应。采用固相微萃取气质联用法（SPME-GC-MS）收集鉴定雷竹鲜笋的挥发性组分，并测定其相对含量。 结果 竹笋和CO₂释放剂均能显著引发筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫定向运动。筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对不同质量鲜笋的取食选择无显著差异（P>0.05），而不同浓度的CO₂释放剂对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫的定向行为有显著影响（P<0.05）。在竹笋和CO₂释放剂之间，筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫显著偏好竹笋（P<0.05）。收集鉴定雷竹笋挥发物17种，相对含量较高为烯烃类化合物（66.62%）和倍半萜（27.98%），倍半萜中以α-葎草烯含量最高。 结论 筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫对新鲜雷竹笋和CO₂释放剂颗粒均有显著趋向性，筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫更偏好新鲜竹笋，相比CO₂释放剂，竹笋萌发时所释放的挥发物对竹林金针虫搜寻寄主更为有效。本研究分离鉴定7种可能对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫具有吸引作用的萜烯类化合物，为竹林金针虫新型防控技术研发提供了重要依据。

华山松是我国西南地区重要的造林树种之一,其球果从雌球花到球果木质化完成的整个发育过程中受到多种生物和非生物因素的影响。在云南省楚雄市紫溪山林场采种基地内球果死亡率达到47.6%,先后有败育、虫害、机械损失、冻害和鼠害5种致死因子导致华山松球果的脱落死亡。在5个致死因子中,虫害的致死力最强,致使球果死亡率达27.2%。由于虫害而损失的球果是其它致死因子造成落果总数的1.33倍。在种子园内造成落果的害虫主要有5种,1年生球果发育阶段,以球果花蝇和球果瘿蚊占主导地位;2年生球果发育阶段,微红梢斑螟的危害是造成落果的主要原因。

竹笋夜蛾是竹林笋期最主要的害虫之一, 应用昆虫种群生物学理论对早园竹、红竹和淡竹笋上3种夜蛾种群动态及生态位进行了研究。结果表明: 淡竹笋夜蛾和笋秀夜蛾在种群数量上明显占优, 前者发生高峰期集中于4月底至5月初, 约7 d, 后者集中于5 月中旬, 约10 d, 二者在发生时间上相互分离; 竹笋禾夜蛾发生数量少, 危害相对较轻。淡竹笋夜蛾的时间生态位宽度在3 种夜蛾中最小, 竹笋禾夜蛾和淡竹笋夜蛾的生态位相似比例较高( > 0. 7), 种间竞争系数高达0. 907 3, 说明二者在利用时间资源上发生重叠, 二者存在明显资源竞争, 最终导致淡竹笋夜蛾种群密度和数量比例显著高于竹笋禾夜蛾。竹笋禾夜蛾的生态位宽度和笋秀夜蛾接近。3种竹笋夜蛾共存同一株竹笋的情况不存在, 即使是2种夜蛾共存于同一竹笋的几率也很低, 平均值也仅为0. 97%。

节肢动物群落结构及其多样性是反映森林生态系统稳定性的重要指标。2005—2007年对浙江东明山森林公园毛竹林节肢动物群落进行了系统调查,共采集到42～439号标本,隶属于17目,126科,511种。结果表明:无论是从种类还是个体数上,均以鳞翅目最为丰富,其次为鞘翅目。毛竹林节肢动物群落多样性呈现明显的季节性变化,在冬季和夏季,相对丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Simpson优势集中性指数等指标均有所下降,总体随着季节变化呈现双峰型的变化趋势,高峰期分别出现在每年的6月和9月;从功能集团角度分析,植食性集团无论在物种的种类及个体数上均占有明显优势,其次是天敌集团,中性集团最少。植食性集团中昆虫种类多,但优势物种不突出;中性集团中华按蚊及伊蚊等优势种地位明显;天敌集团中捕食性天敌(蜘蛛和捕食性昆虫)占主导地位。

Dasychira dudgeoni is one of the main insect pests on Camellia oleifera in southern China. So far, there are no reports on the biocharacteristics of this insect. In this study, the biological characteristics of D. dudgeoni were investigated by field survey and laboratory observation. D. dudgeoni has 2—3 generations each year, and overwinters as eggs in Zhejiang Province. The eggs hatch during late February and early March. The first to third instar larva feed on the lower surface of leaves or the pericarp of the fruit. Later they feed mainly on leaves. The mature 5th instar larva move to lower leaves and combine two complete leaves by spinning silk into a ridge shaped cocoon then pupate inside. The female adults stay on the surface of the cocoon waiting for the male adult to mate. And the next day, the females lay eggs on the cocoon, then fly to the lower surface of leaves to oviposit.

竹林金针虫是南方竹林笋期最为重要的害虫之一，筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫是竹林金针虫的优势种群，应用绿僵菌防治具有重要意义。测定了3株绿僵菌对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫的毒力，并比较了毒土法和毒饵法两种施菌方式对绿僵菌致病力的影响。结果表明，平沙绿僵菌WP08菌株和金龟子绿僵菌30104菌株对筛胸梳爪叩甲幼虫具有明显的致病效果，在30 d的试验期内，校正累计死亡率分别为90.0%和66.3%，半数致死时间（LT50）分别为15.8 d和25.8 d；毒土法的校正累计死亡率略高于毒饵法，分别为60.1%和52.0%，LT50分别为22.6 d和28.0 d。金龟子绿僵菌LRC112菌株对金针虫无致病力。

Melanotus cribricollis is one of the most important pest insects damaging bamboo shoots in South China, and there were not any reports about its monitoring techniques yet. The techniques of food bait trapping, light trapping and sex pheromone trapping of M. cribricollis larva or adults in fields were studied. The results showed that corn seed was the most effective attractant toward M. cribricollis larva, and in average, 2.38 wireworm were captured by each corn-seed bait, suggesting that corn seed could be used as food bait for wireworm monitoring. Observation on the seasonal activity of M. cribricollis wireworms indicated that there were two peaks, April to May and September to October. M. cribricollis adults swarming from the soil started from late April and ended at the end of August, and the peak was between the middle of June to the early July. These results provide a reference for effective control of bamboo wireworms.